The SRA Triad: Safety, Reliability, Availability — and Why OT Still Needs CIA

OT Cybersecurity Fundamentals — Estimated reading time: 12–14 minutes Introduction One of the most repeated statements in OT cybersecurity is: “IT uses CIA, while OT uses SRA” It is memorable. […]

Where Cybersecurity Meets Process Safety: IT/OT/Safety Convergence

OT Cybersecurity Fundamentals — Estimated reading time: 12–14 minutes Introduction Let us take a look at the following statement: “A cyber incident begins in the digital domain. A process-safety incident […]

Process Safety 101 for Cybersecurity Professionals

OT Cybersecurity Fundamentals — Estimated reading time: 12–14 minutes Introduction Cybersecurity professionals are trained to think about: Process engineers think about a different set of questions: In OT cybersecurity, these […]

The OT Threat Landscape: Actors, Motives, and Attack Patterns

OT Cybersecurity Fundamentals — Estimated reading time: 12–14 minutes Introduction So far, the series of our previous articles has focused largely on how OT systems are structured, how cybersecurity frameworks […]

Do We Really Need All Three? Using NIST CSF 2.0, NIST SP 800-82 Rev. 3, and IEC 62443 Without Creating Framework Overload

OT Cybersecurity Fundamentals — Estimated reading time: 10 minutes Introduction In Article 6, “Putting OT Cybersecurity Frameworks to Work: From Risk to Requirements,” we discussed how NIST CSF 2.0, NIST […]

Putting OT Cybersecurity Frameworks to Work: From Risk to Requirements

OT Cybersecurity Fundamentals – Estimated Reading Time 12 Minutes Introduction The previous article described how several cybersecurity references can work together as one practical operating model. NIST CSF 2.0 helps […]

Building One Framework from Three Standards — and Connecting Cybersecurity with Functional Safety

OT Cybersecurity Fundamentals – Estimated Reading Time 12 minutes Note: This article presents a practical organizational integration model for OT cybersecurity, particularly for critical infrastructure and process industries. It is […]

IEC 62443: Zones, Conduits, and Security Levels

OT Cybersecurity Fundamentals — Estimated reading time: 8 minutes Introduction We have built the foundation step by step starting from the first article titled “Why OT Cybersecurity Is Not IT […]

NIST SP 800-82 Rev. 3: The OT Security Playbook

OT Cybersecurity Fundamentals — Estimated reading time: 8 minutes Editorial note: This article discusses NIST SP 800-82 Rev. 3, published in September 2023. NIST initiated a revision process for SP […]

NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Applied to OT

OT Cybersecurity Fundamentals – Estimated reading time: 7 minutes Introduction In the first article, we discussed why OT cybersecurity cannot simply be treated as IT cybersecurity (with industrial devices). In […]