Building One Framework from Three Standards — and Connecting Cybersecurity with Functional Safety

OT Cybersecurity Fundamentals – Estimated Reading Time 12 minutes Note: This article presents a practical organizational integration model for OT cybersecurity, particularly for critical infrastructure and process industries. It is […]

IEC 62443: Zones, Conduits, and Security Levels

OT Cybersecurity Fundamentals — Estimated reading time: 8 minutes Introduction We have built the foundation step by step starting from the first article titled “Why OT Cybersecurity Is Not IT […]

NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Applied to OT

OT Cybersecurity Fundamentals – Estimated reading time: 7 minutes Introduction In the first article, we discussed why OT cybersecurity cannot simply be treated as IT cybersecurity (with industrial devices). In […]

Inside the Purdue Model: Mapping the OT Architecture

OT Cybersecurity Fundamentals – Estimated reading time: 7 minutes After understanding why OT cybersecurity is different from IT cybersecurity, we move on to the next thing which is represented by […]

Why OT Cybersecurity Is Not IT Cybersecurity: Where Cyber Risk Meets the Physical World

OT Cybersecurity FundamentalsEstimated reading time: 6 minutes A cybersecurity incident in a business environment can disrupt email, data, applications, or customer-facing services. In an Operational Technology (OT) environment, the consequences […]

ICS OT Cyber Security Training – Building the Knowledge from the Beginning

Developing the full potential ICS OT cyber security professional is a long journey to be passed through, because an ideal practitioner in this segment should have sounding knowledge (theoretical and […]

Risk Assessment – IEC 62443-3-2

The IEC 62443 series is one of the standards that is globally used as Industrial Control System (ICS) cyber security assurance guidelines. It comprises over 14 standards from part 1 to part 4. Part 3-2, […]

ICS OT Security Controls

💡 Selecting, implementing, assessing and monitoring the ICS OT Security Controls require preliminary activities to be executed as part of the whole ICS OT Cyber Security Assurance life cycle. 🟡 […]

NIST SP 800-82 as the ICS OT Cyber Security Compliance Assessment

NIST SP 800-82 is a guideline standard published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) that guides how to secure the Industrial Control System (ICS) from cyber threats. […]

The Core Entities of an ICS Risk Management

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) risk management is the process of identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks to ensure the security and reliability of critical infrastructure. Effective risk management helps protect ICS […]